Second Period Review

1.- Travel Collocations

Exercise 1 on page 24 about travel collocations on Wordwall

https://wordwall.net/resource/69419457

2.- Simple Modals and Semi Modals

What items do you take with you when getting away? for example, a pair of trainers

Some considerations when travelling to Europe

1.- When travelling abroad you must arrive two hours in advance for international flights.

2.- If you fly to Europe, you don't have to have a Visa.

3.- Many people there can speak English pretty well.

4.- You can't pay in Mexican pesos or American dollars at the store, you have to pay in euros.

5.- You have to show your passport to the border officer to get access.

6.- You should get informed about the attractions before getting the cities you will visit.

7.- You can visit all the countries that are part of the Schengen Area with one passport stamp.

8.- You can't go to the toilet during a flight when there is turbulence.

Modal Verbs

1.- Ability

2.- Possibility

3.- Impossibility

4.-Certainty

5.- Obligation

6.- No obligation

7.- Permission

8.- The right thing to do (advice)

Modal Verbs

1.- Ability

I can speak English.

can - could - be able to

2.- Possibility

You can take a direct flight from Cancun to London.

can - could - may - might

3.- Impossibility

You can't get into the USA as a Mexican if you don't have a Visa.

can't - mustn't - couldn't

4.-Certainty

People must feel exhausted after having taken a nine-hour flight.

must - can't

5.- Obligation

You must arrive at least two hours in advance for an international flight.

must - have to - need to

6.- No obligation

You don't have to have a Visa as a Mexican to visit the UK.

don't have to - don't need to - needn't

7.- Permission

You can go to the toilet whenever you want.

can - may

8.- The right thing to do (advice)

You should chill out during the flight.

should - ought to - must

Collaborative Online Exercise about Modal Verbs in Present

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/30776112

Individual Online Exercise about Modal Verbs in Present

https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/verbs/modal-verbs/exercises

Speaking Practice about the functions of the Modal Verbs

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/71590616/speaking-practice-about-the-functions-of-modal-verbs

3.2.- Perfect Modals

Opening Speaking Practice

Where would you like to go back if you were a child again?

If I were a child again, I would like to go back to Six Flags.

What could you do when you were a child?

I could rollerskate when I was a child.

What did you have to do when you were a child?

I had to wear a uniform at school.

Past simple modal verbs:

a) would for past imaginary situations

b) could for past ability or possibility

c) had to for past obligations

Introductory Matching Activity of Perfect Modals

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/71590616

Collaborative Online Exercise of Perfect Modals

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=13008

Individual Online Exercise of Perfect Modals

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/could-have-should-have-would-have-exercise-1.html

3.- Adverbs of degree

Having lunch in Monaco

Many people think that Monaco is ridiculously expensive. However, when I was there I realised it was not so expensive. In fact, London and Geneva are much more pricey than Monaco

After having taken the incredibly amazing sightseeing bus tour, I was totally starving. Consequently, I needed to look for an affordable place to eat in.

While walking quite slowly around the Casino Square, I suddenly saw a sign with a pair of golden archies. It was obviously McDonald's, so I was totally convinced where I had to go for having lunch.

After having arrived at the building where McDonald's was, a sign of Starbucks appeared pretty close to me as both restaurants were together on different floors. Hence, I decided to check the prices first.

After having reviewed the menus that were reasonably priced, I noticed that Starbucks was slightly more expensive, but with a truly breathtaking view. Therefore, I picked out my second option for having lunch.

While eating at Starbucks in Monaco, I heard a Dj playing really impressive and many people started dancing so excited facing the beach with their coffee cups since there was an absolutely well-known beach club called Nikki Beach on the rooftop of the building next to us which was the utterly luxurious Fairmont hotel.

Despite having finished my day trip in Monaco totally exhausted, I definitely enjoyed it and I would really like to go back there one day.

Video about Monaco

What are the adverbs of degree?

We use adverbs of degree to qualify what we are talking about. We might tell our friend that we are happy, but we may want to explain the degree (or level) of our happiness: I’m really happy, I’m quite happy or I’m not very happy.

Adverbs of degree can be split into two groups: adverbs that intensify the degree of something vs. adverbs that weaken the degree of something.

Adverbs that increase, or intensify, the meaning include words such as: very, totally, completely, and absolutely, for example: I’m totally convinced Sam will quit his job.

Adverbs that decrease or weaken the degree of meaning include words such as: fairly, quite, slightly, and a bit, for example: I’m fairly certain it will rain tomorrow.

How do we use them?

An adverb of degree can modify an adjective, another adverb or a verb. Have a look at the following examples:

She is very tall. (Modifies the adjective)
He walked quite slowly. (Modifies the adverb)
I really like that film. (Modifies the verb)

Adverbs of degree can modify adjectives or adverbs:

Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adjective
e.g. Jane is very happy.

Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adverb
e.g. Tom walks extremely quickly.

Adverbs of degree can also modify verbs:

Subject + adverb of degree + main verb
e.g. The boys thoroughly enjoyed their trip to the theatre.

With modal verbs, the adverb of degree can appear before the modal verb or before the main verb, depending on the meaning, for example:

Subject + adverb of degree + modal + main verb
e.g. You really should look where you are going!

Subject + modal + adverb of degree + main verb
e.g. You should really look at the instructions first.

With auxiliary verbs (e.g. have and is/are), the adverb usually goes before the main verb, for example:

Subject + auxiliary verb + adverb of degree + past participle
e.g. I have really enjoyed studying at this school.

Subject + auxiliary verb + adverb of degree + past participle
e.g. I have totally forgotten to bring my phone.

As we’ve mentioned above, we can separate adverbs of degree into two main types: adverbs that intensify the meaning or make it stronger (e.g. very), and adverbs that weaken the meaning, also called ‘downtoners’, (e.g. slightly).

1. Weakening the meaning

There are times in English when we want to specifically describe our use of an adjective or adverb. For instance, we may wish to express that we are quite nervous or a bit cold. This is more exact than just saying I’m nervous or I’m cold. The adverbs in this category are all used in the same way. The position of the adverb is before the adjective or adverb.

The following adverbs all weaken the adjective or adverb and all appear before the adverb or adjective in the sentence: a bit, fairly, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, and somewhat.

Collaborative Online Exercise about Extreme Adjectives

https://www.englishcoursemalta.com/learn/extreme-adjectives-exercises/

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/45428

2. Intensifying the meaning (gradable adjectives)

There are many adverbs that intensify, or make the meaning stronger. For grammatical reasons, we need to separate these adverbs into two groups. Our choice of adverb depends on whether the adjective (which the adverb is intensifying) is gradable or ungradable. For example, ‘hot’ is a gradable adjective, but ‘boiling’ is ungradable. So, we can say: It is very hot AND It is absolutely boiling, but NOT It is very boiling. The table below gives further examples of gradable and ungradable adjectives and the intensifiers used with them.

Intensifier + gradable adjective

Very cold

Extremely tired

Really happy

Very hungry

The adverbs in this group are always positioned in front of the adjective (which they intensify), for example: He is extremely intelligent.

The following adverbs are intensifiers that can be used with ungradable adjectives: awfully, extremely, highly, perfectly, remarkably and terribly. These adverbs can also be used to modify an adverb, for example: She climbed the mountain extremely quickly.

How strongly adverbs of degree modify adverbs and adjectives
Mild	Medium	Strong	Absolute
+	++	+++	++++
a little a bit slightly	fairly pretty quite rather somewhat	remarkably awfully extremely highly terribly a lot really incredibly particularly deeply enormously greatly incredibly lots most remarkably strongly very	totally utterly completely absolutely entirely perfectly thoroughly

3. Intensifying the meaning (ungradable adjectives)

Adverbs that intensify an ungradable adjective appear in the same position as other adverbs in this group. They nearly always go before the adjective. Note that this group of adverbs do not modify other adverbs.

Example: John was totally exhausted.

The following adverbs are intensifiers that can be used with ungradable adjectives: absolutely, completely, entirely, totally and utterly.

Intensifier + ungradable adjective

Absolutely freezing

Absolutely ecstatic

Totally starving

Adverbs that behave differently

There are a few adverbs of degree that do not neatly fit into the three groups above. The following examples show the position and use of these adverbs.

A lot has a similar meaning to ‘very much’. It is used to modify verbs, for example: I like playing badminton a lot.

Too can be used as an intensifier, but it has a negative meaning. It means ‘more than is acceptable or needed’, for example: That costs too much.

Enough is positioned after an adjective or adverb, not before it. It means ‘to the degree that is necessary’, for example: Are you warm enough?

Source: https://onlineteachersuk.com/adverbs-of-degree/

Collaborative Online Exercise about the Adverbs of Degree and the Gradable and Ungradable Adjectives

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/gradable-and-ungradable-adjectives

Individual Online Exercise about the Adverbs of Degree

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/adverbs-degree

4.- Vocabulary about taking tiime out

Deducing meaning through context

• The band is going to Atlanta to play a gig at the Fox Theatre.

• He was an experienced player who was always seeking to improve his performance.

• The hotel is an ideal venue for conferences and business meetings.

• She lectures to audiences all over the world.

• Bruce Robinson wrote the script for 'The Killing Fields.'

• The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of the month.

• The best thing about the movie is its soundtrack.

• I took some really good shots of the harbor at sunset.

• The play's cast of characters is on the second page of the program.

• There is a section at the end of the magazine that includes abstracts of recent articles.

Vocabulary of Exercise on Page 32

https://wordwall.net/resource/62391470

5.- Phrasal verbs and expressions with on

Sentences with Phrasal Verbs with the Preposition 'On'

• The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.

• Let's carry on this discussion at some other time.

• About 40,000 gamers have been logging on every day since the website appeared last month.

• You can always count on Michael in a crisis.

• You can always depend on Michael in a crisis.

• Tonight's program focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young.

• She jumps on her children instantly if they're disobedient.

• Any lingering question of offside was dispelled by TV pictures showing Ross had played him on.

• The company has been sitting on my letter for weeks without dealing with my complaint.

• He can really turn on the charm when he wants to.

Collaborative Activity about Identifying the Meaning of the Phrasal Verbs with the Preposition 'On'

https://wordwall.net/resource/62593216

Collaborative Exercise 1 on Page 37

Individual Online Exercise about Phrasal Verbs with the Preposition 'On.'

https://eflnet.com/pverbs/phrasalverbsOn

6.- Too vs enough

What I think about Cinepolis at Las Americas Mall

Going to the cinema is one of my favourite leisure activities, but the theatre I like most is Cinepolis Cancun at Las Americas Mall.

There are too many cinema rooms at Cinepolis at Las Americas Mall in Cancun. However, there aren't enough movies to watch in a week because some films are projected in several rooms.

What I love when going to the cinema is to eat too much popcorn as it is delicious enough.

I take enough money with me for having a good time when I go there.