2.2.- Review of Past Tenses

Talk about something you ate last night.

What did you eat?

What ingredients did it have?

What were they served with?

How was it?

Last night, I ate some  ravioles which had spinach and creamy sauce. They were served with a glass of white wine. They were delicious.

Introductory statements for the Past Forms

Book exercise 1 on page 19

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/77203640

Different Past Forms in English

Uses of the past tenses in English

The past tense in English is used:

• to talk about the past
• to talk about hypotheses (when we imagine something)
• for politeness.

We use these forms:

• to talk about the past:

He worked at McDonald's. He had worked there since July.
He was working at McDonald's. He had been working there since July.

• to refer to the present or future in hypotheses:

It might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.

This use is very common in wishes:

I wish it wasn't so cold.

and in conditions with if:

He could get a new job if he really tried.
If Jack was playing, they would probably win.

For hypotheses, wishes and conditions in the past, we use the past perfect:

It was very dangerous. What if you had got lost?
I wish I hadn't spent so much money last month.
I would have helped him if he had asked.

and also to talk about the present in a few polite expressions:

Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for York.
I just hoped you would be able to help me.

Collaborative and Individual Online Exercises about the Past Forms

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/past-tense

Luca, the Apprentice Chef

Luca used to sit at the kitchen counter, mesmerized by his mother’s cooking. The way she would deftly chop vegetables and stir sauces fascinated him. He would often ask for a taste and marvel at the flavors that danced on his tongue. Each meal used to be a lesson, each dish a new adventure. 

In high school, Luca’s passion for cooking grew. While other students would be out with friends, he would be experimenting in his own kitchen, perfecting recipes and exploring new techniques. His dedication was evident, and his friends admired his commitment. 

After graduation, Luca enrolled in culinary school, where the skills he used to admire became his craft. His late nights and hard work paid off, and he began to see his dreams materialize.

Years later, Luca opened his own restaurant, fulfilling the dream that had started in his mother’s kitchen. Each dish he served was a tribute to the early days when he would watch and learn, turning childhood dreams into a flavorful reality.

 Collaborative Online Exercise about used to vs would

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/would-and-used-to/

Individual Online Exercise about used to vs would

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/would-and-used-to/2/

Individual Exercises 3 and 4 on Page 19

Speaking Practice on Wordwall about past forms saying a sentence: 

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/68964100

2.1.- Speaking, listening and Reading about the kitchen

 

Video about kitchen utensils

Vocabulary Presentation about Cooking on Page 18

https://lasallecancun-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/dc0519_lasallecancun_edu_mx/EcEDS_FAtpROlXTau--LeXIBjGWp5dNTmwN9MNvXWRTIZA?e=Phwf4i

Listening Exercise on Page 18

Collaborative Reading of the text on page 16

Reading Exercise 7 on page 16

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/77114963

Speaking Exercise 4 on Page 18

Reading Exercise on Page 18

Individual Speaking Practice about a Kitchen Utensil you use and what for

1.5.- Writing an Informal Letter and Revision

 

Have you got a pen pal? If so, talk about him or her.

Collaborative Reading of the Sample Letter on page 14

Collaborative Exercise 1 on page 14

Collaborative Reading of the Exam Task Guidelines on page 14

Informal Letter Format

1. Salutation

Start with Dear followed by the first name of the person to whom you are writing. In emails, you can also start with Hi (and the person’s name). Dear Ben, or Hi Ben, (Don’t forget to use only the first name of the person you are writing to and not Dear Mr John, which is never used, or Dear Mr John Brown, which sounds too formal.)

2. The first paragraph (opening)

When writing an informal letter, you are usually replying to another letter. You would normally start with a greeting, then acknowledge the letter to which you are replying. It is often a good idea to acknowledge some key information given in the original letter too.

Example opening phrases

• How are you? / How have the family been? / I hope you are well.
• Thank you / Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter/postcard.
• It was good /nice/great to hear from you again.

Other useful phrases

• I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job
• Thank you for asking/inviting me to …  but I’m afraid I won’t be able to…
• I’m writing to ask for your help / you (if you could do me) a favour.
• I hope you don’t mind me asking but could you (possibly)…

3. The next paragraphs (main content)

Say why you are writing. If you need to change agreements or turn someone down, give reasons. Give the information that you have been told to give. Add some more details of your own if you like.

4. Final Remark, closing formula and signing off

The end of your letter is as important as the beginning. There are some standard ways of finishing an informal letter or email.

Types of final remarks:

• Give a reason why you’re ending the letter: 
  Anyway, I must go and get on with my work. / I guess it’s time I got on with that studying I’ve been avoiding.
• Send greetings and/or make reference for future contact:
  Give my love /regards to…  / Say hello to… / Anyway, don’t forget to let me know the dates of the party. / I’ll try and phone you at the wee”end to check the times. / We must try and meet up soon.
• Closing formula
  such as Love, Lots of love, All the best, Take care, Best wishes, should be written on a new line. If you used a comma after the opening greeting, use a comma here too.
• Signing off
  Your first name then follows on another new line

Informal letters are sent to people you know well (for example, friends, relatives, etc.) about your recent news, personal problems, the information you need, etc. They are written in an informal style with a personal tone.

Informal style

When writing friendly letters, you normally use an informal style. Informal writing is characterized by the use of:

• Direct and personal tone ‘I think’, ‘You should’ and direct sentences ‘I think it’s a good idea’  instead of ‘It would be a good idea’
• Informal vocabulary, ‘totally, lots of stuff’ including phrasal verbs (‘go on’ instead of ‘continue)
• Contractions/short forms I’ve just heard you’ve been to…
• Informal linking words ‘Plus, Also, Well, Anyway, To sum up, In a nutshell’
• Idioms ‘Call it a day’, ‘break the leg’, ‘It’s not rocket science’
• Colloquial expressions ‘I’m most interested’ instead of ‘I am really interested’

• Slang ‘loaded, lit, gutted, cheeky, dude, go bananas’
• Abbreviations  ‘ASAP, TV, photo, cell, net’
• Punctuation using exclamation marks (don’t overuse it)

Word length: between 140 and 190 words

Source: https://engxam.com/handbook/how-to-write-an-informal-letter-email-b2-first-fce/

Individual Exam Task on page 14

1.4.- Speaking about character adjectives and forming adjectives

Individual speaking talking about a friend saying five character adjectives of him or her and why

Individual speaking practice about identifying a known person with an assigned character adjective and why

Individual Practice about saying Derived Adjectives related to a Famous Person you know

Who are these characters? What do they do for a living?

Where do you think a wizard could work?

What do you think are the best character adjectives to describe a successful wizard?

Amelia, a wizard trainee

Amelia, a wizard trainee, stumbled through her spells with a forgetful mind and a powerful desire to excel. In her mentor's historical library, she often got lost amidst the beautiful tomes of magic.

Her childish enthusiasm sometimes led to foolish mishaps, but her determination remained admirable. One day, she attempted a dangerous transmutation, leaving her mentor both angry and concerned. Yet, Amelia's excitement never waned; she saw magic as an endless journey of discovery.

Though friendless among her peers, she found solace in her books and the crackling energy of her experiments. Every failure taught her something new, every success made her more talented.

In the end, Amelia's journey was not just about mastering spells but discovering herself—a creative force in a world where magic was both breakable and useful, where the most interesting adventures lay in the untamed realms of her imagination.

 

Are words in bold and underlined in text are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs? Why?

Adjective Formation by adding prefixes and suffixes

There are no rules to help you recognize adjectives by their forms. But many adjectives are formed from other words by adding prefixes or suffixes.

 

Suffixes

Suffixes are added to the end of words and change grammatical category of the words. Here are some examples of suffixes:

 

Suffix	Examples
-able/-ible	admirable, acceptable, visible, horrible
-al	musical, historical, comical, magical
-ful	beautiful, forgetful, colourful, powerful
-ic	scenic, economic, romantic, Arabic
-ical	political, historical, satirical
-ish	Swedish, childish, Spanish, foolish
-ive/-ative	attractive, creative, imaginative
-less	friendless, meaningless, effortless
-ous	dangerous, poisonous, mountainous
-y	angry, dusty, cloudy, sticky
-ed	bored, excited, talented, tired
-ing	interesting, exciting, tiring

 

Adjectives can be made from nouns or verbs.

 

Noun to Adjective

 

beauty	beautiful
friend	friendless
danger	dangerous
dust	dusty

 

Verb to Adjective

 

break	breakable
use	useful
create	creative
wash	washable

 

Prefixes

Prefixes are added to the beginning of adjectives to change their meanings. The prefixes un-, in-, ir-, im-, and il- are often confused because they all mean not and opposite of.

 

Prefix	Examples
un-	unhappy, unimportant, unrealistic
in-	incomplete, infinite, inactive
ir-	irrelevant, irregular, irrational
im-	impossible, improper, immature
il-	illegal, illogical, illegible

 

Suffixes and spelling rules

Change the y to i before the suffix -ful

• beauty → beautiful
• plenty → plentiful

 

If the adjective ends in a vowel+y, do not change the y.

• joy → joyful

 

Drop the y before the suffixes -ous/-ious and-ic.

• mystery → mysterious
• history → historic

Collaborative Book Exercises 2 and 3 on page 13

Individual Exam Task on page 13

Talk about a friend saying five adjective characters he or she has and why you think so.

1.3.- FCE Speaking Test Part 1

Individual Speaking Practice about saying how you feel today using an -ed adjective and why.

I feel excited because, in today's lesson, we'll talk about an exciting topic.

FCE Speaking Test

Team Practice in pairs of the Exercise 1 on page 12

Collaborative Exercise 2 on page 12

Collaborative Exercise 3 on page 12

Useful phrases FCE speaking test part 1

https://cisl.edu/useful-expressions-and-vocabulary-for-cae-and-fce-speaking-part-1/

Team Practice 4 in groups of 3 on page 12 using the rubric below to assess a classmate

 

My friends at work.

Silvia is bossy because she likes giving orders.

Emily is optimistic because she always thinks that everything is possible to be achieved.

Mindy is so sensitive because she always considers someone else's perspective.

Alfred is reasonable because his ideas are always based on good judgement.

Gabriel sometimes acts like a child, so he's childish.

Samantha is thoughtful becuase she is always kind and thinking about how to help other people.

Lauren surprises me with her decisive character as she makes quick decisions in an assertive way.

Anthony is disorganised because his office is a mess like his work agenda.

Andrew is impatient because he can't wait for anything.

Kimberly is practical because she does everything in a simplified way.

Character Adjectives suggested in the textbook

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/76616065

 Speaking exercise 6 on page 12 in pairs.

Collaborative Online Exercise about adjectives and expressions of frequency

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/76882938

Individual Online Exercise about the Adverbs and the Expressions of Frequency

Adverbs and Expressions of Frequency worksheet | Live Worksheets

Say how you think partner's character is from the ones suggested in the textbook and why.

1.2.- Present Simple in Time Clauses and -ed/-ing adjectives

Present simple in time clauses (Page 103)

Exercise 4.- Look at these extracts from the recording in Listening. Do all the verbs refer to the future? What tense do we use after time expressions like when? 

I’ll move back into my place when they finish repainting it on Friday. 

Next time I want things like that, I’ll buy them online instead.

What is a time clause?
Time clauses are preceded by adverbs or adverb phrases which show that they represent a time.

Examples of these adverbs or adverb phrases are: when, before, after, as soon as, until.

A time clause shows that an event will happen at a certain time. Although they have a subject, verb and object, these clauses simply point to a time, similar to saying "at 7 o'clock".

We use the present tense to talk about future times.
The future tense is used in the main clause.
The present simple tense is used in the time clause.
When two clauses are joined by adverbs of time or adverb phrases, the future form should not be repeated.

• Tom will turn off the lights when he leaves the office. 
• Dad will reply to the letter when he comes home from work. 
• I will tidy the living-room before I go to bed. 
• She will go running after it stops raining. 
• I will not go home until I finish the report. 
• Jane will call her mother as soon as she arrives at the airport. 

Time clauses with reference to the future can also be introduced by other expressions such as:
once, immediately, the moment, the minute, the day, by the time ...

• Tony will call the restaurant the moment he gets home.
• I'll contact you once I receive an estimate.
• You will be notified the minute your order arrives.
• It will be dark by the time we arrive home.

The time clause may come before or after the main clause with no change in meaning. However, if the time clause begins a sentence, a comma is placed after it.

• The moment I hear the doorbell, I will put on my coat.
• I will put on my coat the moment I hear the doorbell.
• The day you graduate, your mother will be very happy.
• Your mother will be very happy the day you graduate.
  

Source: learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/verbs/future-time-clauses.html#:~:text=We%20use%20the%20present%20tense%20to%20talk%20about%20future%20times.&text=The%20present%20simple%20tense%20is,Not%20when%20he%20will%20leave).

Collaborative exercise 5 on page 9

Individual 6 on page 9

Reading aloud the results in the exercise 5 on page 9

Speaking practice about what you will do

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/59405547

Collaborative Reading of the text on page 11

Individual Reading Exam task on Page 11

Introductory Exercise for -ed and -ing adjectives

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/76504165

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/a1-a2-grammar/adjectives-ending-ed-ing

Collaborative Exercise 6 on page 11

A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed. They are called participial adjectives they take the forms of the present (-ing) and past participle (-ed) of the verb.

-ed adjectives

-ed adjectives are used to describe how we feel. Look at the following examples:

• We’re tired. Can we stop running?
• I’m bored. Let’s play cards.
• I was surprised to see her.

-ing adjectives

-ing adjectives are used to talk about the things that produce these feelings. Check the examples below:

• Running is very tiring. We don’t want to run.
• This film is very boring. Let’s play cards.
• Her visit was very surprising. We weren’t expecting her.

Collaborative Online Exercise about -ed/-ing adjectives

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/ed-ing-adjectives-adjectives-verbs/

Collaborative Exercises 6 and 7 on Page 11

Individual online exercise about -ed/-ing adjectives

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/ed-ing-adjectives-adjectives-verbs/3/